In 272 b.C.
Rome established a new garrison in Locri Epizephyrii. And,
at least for now, this was the only real consequence that
the new situation, created after the defeat of Pyrrhus,
caused to the ancient Locrian polis.
Rome, in fact,
didn't demand too much from the cities of Magna Graecia of
which it had recently acquired the control, exempting them
from providing soldiers for its legions and only asking in
exchange their military support through the supply of
warships when Rome needed it. (Polybius, Histories, I 20,
14 and XII 5, 2; Livy, Ab Urbe Condita, XLII 48, 7)
Therefore Locri became socia navalis of Rome but
still maintained all the characteristics of a Greek polis,
keeping its independence and continuing to mint coin.
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The occasion in which Locri had to show its loyalty to Rome
took place very soon.
In 264 b.C., in fact, the city
of Messene, under threat from the Carthaginian advance in
Sicily, sought the help of Rome which, after a short time,
stepped in by sending its troops on the island and thus
starting the first clash with Carthage; clash that will last
until 241 b.C. when, during the naval battle fought near the
Aegadian islands, the Roman fleet destroyed a large part of
the enemy fleet forcing Carthage to surrender.
During
this period of time (more than two decades) it is not clear
the role that the Greek cities of southern Italy played; but
we know for sure, thanks to what has been handed down by
Polybius, that Locri and the other cities supplied Rome with
warships thus fulfilling the commitment made after the
defeat of Pyrrhus. (Polybius, Histories, I 20, 7)
The only significant event of this period handed down by the
historical sources about Locri is the one related to the
raid and plunder of the Locrian territory made by the
Carthaginian troops led by Hamilcar Barca (from his nickname
"baraq", the thunderbolt). It's simply a brief record that
Polybius has passed on us regarding the operations of the
Carthaginian troops on the Brutium land during the
eighteenth year of war (247 b.C.) which continues with the
indication of the subsequent Carthaginians objectives in
Sicily.
Here is the full version of the quoted
passage: (Polybius, Histories, I 56, 1-3).
Οἱ δὲ Καρχηδόνιοι μετὰ ταῦτα στρατηγὸν
καταστήσαντες αὑτῶν Ἀμίλκαν τὸν Βάρκαν
ἐπικαλούμενον, τούτῳ τὰ κατὰ τὸν στόλον
ἐνεχείρισαν· ὃς παραλαβὼν τὰς ναυτικὰς δυνάμεις
ὥρμησεν πορθήσων τὴν Ἰταλίαν. Ἔτος δ᾽ ἦν
ὀκτωκαιδέκατον τῷ πολέμῳ. Κατασύρας δὲ τὴν Λοκρίδα
καὶ τὴν Βρεττιανὴν χώραν, ἀποπλέων ἐντεῦθεν κατῆρε
παντὶ τῷ στόλῳ πρὸς τὴν Πανορμῖτιν καὶ
καταλαμβάνει τὸν ἐπὶ τῆς Εἱρκτῆς λεγόμενον τόπον,
ὃς κεῖται μὲν Ἔρυκος καὶ Πανόρμου μεταξὺ πρὸς
θαλάττῃ, πολὺ δέ τι τῶν ἄλλων δοκεῖ διαφέρειν
τόπων ἐπιτηδειότητι πρὸς ἀσφάλειαν στρατοπέδων καὶ
χρονισμόν.
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"After these
things the Carthaginians appointed Hamilcar Barca
general, and put the management of the fleet in his
hands; he, taken over the control of the fleet,
started to ravage the coasts of Italy. It was the
eighteenth year of war. Having devastated the
districts of Locri and the rest of Bruttium, he
sailed away with his whole fleet and reached the
territory of Panormos (Palermo) where he seized the
place called Hercte, a village near the sea between
Eryx and Panormos, which seemed much more
appropriate than other places for the safety of
soldiers and for a longer stay."
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The role that Locri played in
this historical phase was therefore very marginal (as
opposed to what will happen during the Second Punic War). A
few years after the quoted episode the First Punic War ended
with the result that Rome had expanded its territory, adding
the whole Sicily to it and better establishing its rule over the
territories that it already controlled.
But the steady increase of the
Roman influence started to raise a widespread discontent in
the Greek cities of southern Italy, which showed by now
signs of impatience against Rome. And Rome itself, during
this period, started to show some distrust towards those
cities where, in many cases, it decided to strengthen the
garrisons already in place.
With such premises what
will happen during the Second Punic War between Rome and the
Greek cities will only be a result of the discontent built
up during these years. |